Types Of Transmission Media, Communications Channel, wireless transmission media

 Communications Channel

The path through which data is transmitted from one place to another is called communication channel.It is also known as communication media, transmission media.The amount of data that can be transferred through a communication medium is in a unit  half time is called bandwidth. The bandwidth of digital signal is measured in bytes per second.The bandwidth of analogue signal is measured in cycle/second our Hertz.

 Types of transmission media

1.  Physical transmission media

2.  Wireless transmission media

Physical transmission media

In bounded media  communication devices are directly connected with each other by using some physical media like waves that signals are bound to a specific part of the void or cable it is also called guided media.

Some example of bounded media wire pair coaxial cable and fibre optic.

Twisted pair

Twisted pair is the most commonly used physical communication medium that is used in local area network to connect computer and other devices with twisted pair consists of a pair of copper wires  is covered by a plastic insulation and it is a twisted together twisting a virus protects them for our interference by external electromagnetic waves.

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable consists of copper wire cover by insulating material.The insulated copper wire is covered by copper match. The match protects the data signal from interference by external electromagnetic waves and coaxial cables are used by the cable TV Network and telephone companies.

Fibre Optic

Fibre optic cable consists of thin strands of glass or plastic cal core. The Standis like human hair the core is the centre of the fibre optic cable that uses light to transmit data.Each  and is surrounded by a layer of class inside the fibre optic cable called cladding.This colliding is a further protected by a plastic coating called jacket.Most Telephone Company ISP and cable TV operator are using fibre optic in their current work.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fibre Optics

Advantages of Fibre Optic

Fibre optic networks work at a very high speed

The information carrying capacity of fibre optics is very high

Fibre optic is a lighter and smaller in size

It is more secure and reliable form of data transmission

It is not affected by electromagnetic waves

 Disadvantages of Fibre Optic

It is difficult to install

It is expensive

 Wireless Transmission Media

In unbounded media communication devices  communicate with each other through air or space using broadcast radio signals, microwave signals and infrared signal.Signal are not bound to a specific path it can be used to transfer the data over the world.It is also called and guided media

Some Example of an Transmussion media for communication are as follows:

1.  Microwave System

 Microwave are radio waves that are used to provide high speed transmission both voice and data can be transmitted through microwave.Data is transmitted through the air from one microwave station to another similar to Radio signal with Microwave use this line of sight transmission it means that signals a travel in straight parts and cannot bend.The microwave stations or  Antennas are usually installed on high tower  building the stations are placed with in 20 to 30 miles to each other each station,and received signal from previous station and transferred to the next station.In this way that are transferred from one place to another.There should be no building the mountain between the station.

2.  Satellite Communication

Satellite Communication is a Space Station did receive the microwave signal from earth based station and transmits them back to different Earth based station the satellite communication in placed about 22, 300 miles above the earth.The transmission from earth based station in satellite is called uplink.The transmission from satellite to earth base station is called downlink.

The data transmission of satellite communication is very high.However, bad weather can affect the quality of satellite transmission satellite communication is used in different application such as television and radio broadcast ,weather forecasting, Global positioning system and Internet connection etc.

3. Broadcast Radio

 Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium. It attributes radio signal through the air over long and short distance.Radio transmission required a transmitter to send broadcast radio signal and a receiver to receive it.

An example of short range broadcast Radio Communications is bluetooth.It is a short-range radio wave to transmit data at a rate of 1 MB per second among Bluetooth. Bluetooth in personal computer the internet and cellular phones fax machine and printers.

4.  Cellular Communication

Cellular communication is a wireless communication system.It is widely used all over the world for mobile communication and cellular communication system with base to transmit text images white add video.

Telecommunication divide a physical region  in two different section the noun as self for example a city can be divided into small cells each cell has a low powered radio transmitter/ receiver. The child are close enough to one another so that the signal strength is maintained throughout the area. The all linked together to edible a large number of cellular phone to communicate with one another.

Multiplexer are concentrated

High speed communication lines are expensive and almost always have far greater  capacitor than a single device can use the single for multiple devices are often combined and fat together to share a single communication medium. Multiplexer combined the transmission from several different devices and send them as one messages. For example multiple analogue signal can be sent at one time by using multiple frequencies and multiple optical signals can be sent at one time by using multiple wavelength.

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